Gastroenterology is the study of the digestive system and its diseases. Gastroenterologists are specialized doctors who diagnose and treat digestive system disorders, including acidity, indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, jaundice, and tumors. They use medication and endoscopic interventions, such as inserting a flexible tube with a camera and light source into the digestive tract, to diagnose and treat these conditions. By understanding the functions and diseases of the digestive system, gastroenterologists provide personalized care and effective treatment plans to their patients.